Atom is the structural unit of matter and consists of three basic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Proteons and neutrons exist in the nucleus of the atom and are larger in the mass of electrons.
The electrons are very small and exist in cloud form around the nucleus; the radius of this cloud is 10,000 times greater than the nucleus. In this article we will review together some basic information that you should know about the atomic structure of the material.
Protons and neutrons have roughly the same mass, the mass of a single proton about 1,800 times the mass of an electron. Normally, the atom has the same number of electrons and protons, and the number of protons is usually equal to neutrons. By adding a proton to the atom, we will get a new element. If we add a new neutron, we get the so-called Isotope or a heavier state of the atom.
Nucleus
It was discovered in 1911 but the rest of it was not discovered until 1932. Although the nucleus contains positively charged protons that can react together according to the base of "similar charges dissipate; the different charges attract" but possess one of the four fundamental forces in the universe known as nuclear power The "Strong Nuclear Force" is responsible for the interconnection of the components of the nucleus with each other.
Protons
Ernst Rutherford contributed to his discovery by experiments between 1911 and 1919, which are positively charged particles present in the nucleus of an atom. An element is determined by the number of protons it contains. For example, the carbon atom contains six protons, The oxygen atom contains eight protons, while the hydrogen atom contains a single proton, and the number of protons in the atomic atom is also referred to as the atomic number. As well as that the order of elements in the atomic table modern depends on their atomic numbers.
Protons consist of objects called quarks. There are three quarks in each proton; two are up and one is Down. The quarks are linked together by other particles called glons.
Electrons
The negative particles of the cell electrically attract the nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus in orbitals known as orbitals, the internal orbits of the atom are spherical and the other orbits appear to be more complex than their predecessors.
The electronic distribution of the atom is a description of where the electrons are located in the surrounding orbits. In accordance with the principles and foundations of physics, chemists can use this distribution to predict the properties of this material, such as the degree of boiling and their ability to conduct electrical conductivity.
Neutrons
It was discovered in 1932 by physicist James Chadwick, a non-charge particle found in the nucleus of the atom with a slightly larger mass of protons. The neutron consists of three quark particles, two of the type Down and one of the type Up.
Isotopes
Isotopes are different forms of the same element that have the same atomic number and differ in the mass number, and is determined by the analog of any element by the number of neutrons in it for example, the hydrogen has three isotopes known as: «proteom - deuterium - tritium»
Proteum: Does not contain any neutrons
Deuterium: Contains one neutron
Tritium: Contains 2 neutrons.
0 comments:
Post a Comment